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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medications are the first-line treatment for ADHD. They have a long history of a high response, good tolerance, and are safe throughout the entire life span. It's crucial to choose the right dosage and medication that eases your or your child's symptoms without causing any adverse side adverse effects. This often takes a lot of trial and error, as well as regular dialog with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are medications that increase the activity of the central nervous system. They are widely used as stimulants for cognitive enhancement and performance by athletes, students, artists, and workers. They are also employed for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and binge eating disorder and some anxiety disorders. The most common stimulant medications are amphetamines and methylphenidates. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in extended-release and immediate-release formulas. Immediate-release medications are usually taken every four hours as needed. They can cause an abrupt, short-term drop in energy known as a crash when they have worn off. The crash can result in severe mood swings, hunger, and fatigue. Instant-release medication can also increase blood pressure and heartbeat in some people. This is particularly true when they do not eat enough. Extended-release medicines are designed to release their active ingredients over a period of between 8 and 16 hours. This type of medication can be prescribed by your doctor when you're looking for long-lasting relief from symptoms without taking tablets several times per day. Ritalin Concerta and Focalin are all extended-release methylphenidate medications. Another alternative is the long-acting methylphenidate patch called Daytrana which adheres to the skin like a band-aid and lasts for the entire day. This type of medication is typically prescribed to adults with ADHD who need daily doses that last longer than the immediate-release alternatives. adhd medication side effects of stimulants doesn't treat ADHD However, they can assist in managing symptoms by enhancing the way that neurons in the brain communicate with one with each other. By blocking or binding their receptors they can affect the levels of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, in the brain. This allows more neurotransmitters to be released and aids in ensuring that messages between neurons are more effectively sent and received. In addition to stimulants, doctors can prescribe antidepressants for ADHD. Most antidepressants doctors prescribe for ADHD work on the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain. One class, referred to as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, is a good choice for people who have depression or anxiety, too. These medications are usually paired with stimulants to boost their effectiveness. Another reason your doctor might switch you between stimulant and non-stimulant medications is if your current medication isn't working, or causes intolerable side effects. Long-acting Between 70 and 80percent of children and adults with ADHD benefit from stimulants. They help reduce symptoms such as fidgeting, arguing with others, and losing focus in conversations or on tasks. They can also improve social skills and job performance. Stimulant medications begin to work when they cross the blood-brain barrier which can take between 45 and 60 minutes. They boost dopamine and norepinephrine levels between brain cells, which reduces the impulsivity and hyperactivity. The FDA-approved stimulant drugs contain one of two molecules that are methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). The stimulants can cause negative side effects, such as nausea or loss of appetite, as well as increased blood pressure. They can also cause anxiety and headaches. They can also make tics more severe and trigger sleep problems in some people. Long-acting stimulants, like Strattera or Wellbutrin, work day and night. Short-acting medications only last for a short period of time. They can be used to treat other conditions such as depression or anxiety. These medicines work by altering the way your body regulates chemicals known as monoamine oxides. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes that break down dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the brain. These chemicals stay in your body longer if they are not broken down. This could affect your behavior and thinking. Long-acting medicines can cause lesser negative effects. Your doctor will prescribe them in smaller doses that you can take throughout the day. Some stimulants are available in extended-release versions that you can take daily. This is a good option for some adults, however it's important to remember that you should take them daily. Other medications have been shown to be effective for a lot of people suffering from ADHD which includes selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs are generally prescribed to treat anxiety or depression but they can also be prescribed for ADHD. Around 70% of people respond to these drugs. Bupropion, also known as Wellbutrin is an SSRI approved for ADHD. It was shown to be more effective in a controlled study than placebos. These medications can cause serious side effects, like ringing of the ears, anxiety and changes in vision, heart and lung function. Short-acting The stimulant drugs work to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain. These two chemicals aid people to manage their behavior and stay focused. They are available in a variety of forms, and each comes with its own brand name, such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Concerta. There are two primary types of stimulant medications amphetamines and methylphenidates. They all have similar effects, but their duration of action varies. The methylphenidates have a shorter-lasting effect lasting as long as three hours. Amphetamines on the other are more effective. Certain individuals are better at absorbing long-acting stimulant medication than those that use short-acting drugs, so your doctor may prescribe this type. It is essential to know everything you can about the drug, including possible side effects, how often it should be taken and any warnings specific to the medication that should be followed. This will make it easier to work with your physician in determining the appropriate medication and dose for you. These medications can also trigger some negative side effects such as insomnia, or a loss of appetite. Talk to your doctor in the event that you experience any of these side effects. You may need to alter the dosage or try another drug. Adults with ADHD who don't respond well to stimulants may be treated with non-stimulant medicines, which take longer to begin working but increase the capacity of an individual to concentrate and manage impulses. These medications can be prescribed alone or in conjunction with stimulants. The first of these is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree), which is a stimulant of norepinephrine and dopamine in the prefrontal brain, which controls behavior. Guanfacine, also referred to as Intuniv, belongs to the group of drugs called alpha-agonists. These drugs work by blocking Reuptake and increasing levels of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was developed to treat high blood pressure, but it also has been proven to help people with ADHD. Combinations There are many drug combinations used by people who suffer from ADHD. This includes stimulants paired with depressants like clonidine or guanfacine. These drugs can have a calming affect on the brain, and can reduce symptoms like sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They also aid in preventing withdrawal symptoms from stimulants. However, this combination could be dangerous if it is not used correctly. Serotonin syndrome is a drug emergency that occurs when there is too much serotonin in the body. This combination may also increase blood pressure and heart rate. The risks associated with this drug are higher for those who have pre-existing conditions such as high blood pressure or heart disease. Combinations of stimulants are increasingly being used by teenagers and young adults. These drugs, which are sold in pharmacies, are often referred to by the term “legal highs”. They are also available on the black market. These substances are extremely dangerous particularly when combined with alcohol or other substances. This is known as polydrug use, and can be very dangerous. Mixing drugs can result in unpredictably harmful consequences, such as an increased heart rate, slow breathing, hallucinations, paranoia seizures, addiction and hallucinations. A study concluded that combination therapy was more effective than monopharmacotherapy in treating ADHD. Combining medications improved compliance and allowed patients to experience greater relief from symptoms than monotherapy. A majority of patients, however, were unable to continue treatment due side effects. In some cases it is possible that the medication has been stopped due to sleep problems or worsening of tics. This could be due to a misdiagnosis or lack of medication. Nonstimulants can also be used to treat ADHD. These drugs help improve the ability to focus and control impulses However, they don't perform as effectively as stimulants. They are also less likely to block growth and affect appetite. Certain antidepressants can also be prescribed for ADHD, but they have a lower chance of improving concentration and focus. In a number of studies, the atomoxetine (Concerta) in combination with methylphenidate, produced better results than any other drug taken on its on its own. Combining these two medications helped improve adherence and reduced side effects for most people. The combination was also successful in adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a feasible option for children suffering from severe ADHD.